| No. |
English |
Japanese |
Example |
Type |
No. |
English |
Expansion |
English |
Japanese |
Example |
Type |
| 1 |
revolutionize |
革命を起こす |
Which company has revolutionized the industry? |
他動詞 |
1 |
I have been to China. |
1 |
make do |
やりくりする |
Recently, we have been having to make do on much less. |
動詞句 |
| 2 |
or so |
だいたい(数)くらい |
There are fifty people or so. |
言い回し |
2 |
I have talked to my boss three times this week. |
2 |
hit a snag |
思わぬ困難な問題にぶつかる |
I think we have hit a snag. |
動詞句 |
| 3 |
switch jobs |
転職する |
She wants to switch jobs. |
動詞句 |
3 |
He has just entered the building. |
3 |
go downhill |
悪化する |
Things at work have really been going downhill recently. |
動詞句 |
| 4 |
three years running |
3年連続 |
I have won that competition three years running. |
言い回し |
4 |
I have already called Sam. |
4 |
monkey around |
ブラブラしている |
Simon has been monkeying around all week. |
動詞句 |
| 5 |
open up |
開店する |
A new store has just opened up. |
動詞句 |
5 |
I have known you for 20 years. |
5 |
hit the sack |
寝床に就く |
I’ve been hitting the sack early this week. |
動詞句 |
| 6 |
or something |
のようなもの |
It looks like there has been an accident or something. |
言い回し |
6 |
I have been working here for 2 years. |
6 |
nail something down |
確定する |
I haven’t nailed a date down yet, but I’ll tell you when we
do. |
動詞句 |
| 7 |
check out |
～をよく調べる |
Let's check out what happened. |
動詞句 + 目的語 |
7 |
We have sent a rocket to the moon. |
7 |
on edge |
イライラして、ピリピリして |
Claire has been on edge a lot recently. |
形容詞句 |
| 8 |
I could go for |
～がいいなあ |
I could go for a beer. |
言い回し+ 目的語 |
8 |
There has been an accident. |
8 |
on the fence |
どっちつかずの態度で |
Mr. Tanaka has been on the fence about that for weeks. |
形容詞句 |
| 9 |
a stative verb |
状態動詞 |
We don't use present participles with stative verbs. e.g. I
have known (not "knowing") you for a long time. |
名前 |
9 |
This will be the first time she has done this. |
9 |
raise the bar |
～のレベルを上げる |
Tom’s presentation has really raised the bar. |
動詞句 |
| 10 |
a dynamic verb |
動態動詞 |
We use present participles with dynamic verbs. e.g. I have been
dancing for a long time. |
名前 |
10 |
The president has been assassinated. |
10 |
hit rock bottom |
どん底に落ちこむ |
I lost my job and my wife left me. I have hit rock bottom. |
動詞句 |
| 11 |
accomplishment |
業績 |
What are some of your best accomplishments? |
可算名詞 |
11 |
I think someone has been using my computer. |
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| 12 |
visible |
目に見える |
Are the results still visible? |
形容詞 |
12 |
Chis has become the most popular teacher. |
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| 13 |
bring up |
持ち出す |
Present perfect is usually used to bring up items on the news.
e.g. Japan has won the world cup. |
動詞句 + 目的語 |
13 |
This isn't the first time he has let me down. |
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| 14 |
deduce |
～を推定［推測・推論］する |
Present perfect can also be used to deduce recent actions e.g.
I think someone has been using my PC. |
他動詞 |
14 |
The city has gotten a lot bigger. |
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| 15 |
game console |
ゲーム機 |
This company has sold over 500 million game consoles. |
可算名詞 |
15 |
I think someone has been stealing money from my wallet. |
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| 16 |
boxer |
ボクサー |
This boxes has won almost all of his fights. |
可算名詞 |
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| 17 |
reassure |
（人）を安心させる |
I reassured her that everything was going to be OK. |
他動詞 |
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| 18 |
let down |
期待を裏切る |
He really let me down. |
動詞句 + 目的語 |
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| 19 |
defend |
（人）の肩を持つ |
I always defend my friends. |
他動詞 |
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| 20 |
assassinate |
暗殺する |
He was assassinated. |
他動詞 |
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| 21 |
assassin |
暗殺者 |
They didn't catch the assassin. |
可算名詞 |
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| 22 |
decrease |
減る |
Sales have decreased. |
他動詞 |
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| 23 |
bank statement |
銀行取引明細書 |
I haven't received my bank statement this month yet. |
可算名詞 |
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| 24 |
renovation |
リフォーム |
How are the renovations going? |
可算名詞 |
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| 25 |
repaint |
～を塗り直す |
We haven't repainted the building yet. |
他動詞 |
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| 26 |
fountain |
泉 |
We have put in a new fountain. |
可算名詞 |
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| 27 |
head of sales |
営業部の部長 |
He has been promoted to head of sales. |
可算名詞 |
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